Correct identification of the target at its execution is the sole purpose of the espionage operation. This allows them to differentiate mundane information from a target which has intrinsic value to own organisational development. Targets of espionageĮspionage agents are usually trained experts in a specific targeted field. Both Soviet political ( KGB) and military intelligence ( GRU ) officers were judged by the number of agents they recruited. The former Soviet Union, for example, preferred human sources over research in open sources, while the United States has tended to emphasize technological methods such as SIGINT and IMINT. ĭifferent intelligence services value certain intelligence collection techniques over others. Since 2008 the United States has charged at least 57 defendants for attempting to spy for China. ![]() Recently, espionage agencies have targeted the illegal drug trade and those considered to be terrorists. The Cold War involved intense espionage activity between the United States of America and its allies and the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China and their allies, particularly related to nuclear weapons secrets. Aztecs used Pochtecas, people in charge of commerce, as spies and diplomats, and had diplomatic immunity. Many modern espionage methods were well established even then. More recently, spies played a significant part in Elizabethan England (see Francis Walsingham). Feudal Japan often used ninja to gather intelligence. During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols relied heavily on espionage in their conquests in Asia and Europe. Spies were also prevalent in the Greek and Roman empires. The ancient Egyptians had a thoroughly developed system for the acquisition of intelligence, and the Hebrews used spies as well, as in the story of Rahab. Chanakya's student Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Maurya Empire in India, made use of assassinations, spies and secret agents, which are described in Chanakya's Arthasastra. The ancient writings of Chinese and Indian military strategists such as Sun-Tzu and Chanakya contain information on deception and subversion. 6.4 Espionage in the American Civil WarĮvents involving espionage are well documented throughout history.6.2 Espionage in the American Revolution.6.1 Espionage under Elizabeth I of England. ![]() However, the benefits that can be gained through espionage are generally great enough that most governments and many large corporations make use of it to varying degrees.įurther information on clandestine HUMINT ( human intelligence) information collection techniques is available, including discussions of operational techniques, asset recruiting and the tradecraft used to collect this information. Nearly every country has very strict laws concerning espionage, and the penalty for being caught is often severe. Counterintelligence operatives can feed false information to enemy spies, protecting important domestic secrets and preventing attempts at subversion. In times of crisis, spies can also be used to steal technology and to sabotage the enemy in various ways. They can also find dissidents within the enemy's forces and influence them to defect. Spies can bring back all sorts of information concerning the size and strength of an enemy army. This is the job of the spy (espionage agent). One of the most effective ways to gather data and information about an enemy (or potential enemy) is by infiltrating the enemy's ranks. Spying involving corporations is known as industrial espionage. It is a subset of intelligence gathering-which otherwise may be conducted from public sources and using perfectly legal and ethical means.Įspionage is usually part of an institutional effort by a government or corporation, and the term is most readily associated with state spying on potential or actual enemies primarily for military purposes. ![]() Espionage is inherently clandestine, as it is taken for granted that it is unwelcome and, in many cases, illegal and punishable by law. Strategic Hazard Intervention Espionage and Logistics Directorate dictionnaire analogiqueįor other uses, see Espionage (disambiguation).Įspionage or spying involves a government or individual obtaining information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information.List of fictional espionage organizations.History of Soviet and Russian espionage in the United States.American espionage in the Soviet Union.2007 Formula One espionage controversy.2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy
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